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Download 1.1.1.q: How to Update OpenSSL on Apache HTTPD
If you are running a web server with Apache HTTPD, you probably rely on OpenSSL to provide secure communication over the internet. OpenSSL is a software library that offers various cryptographic functions and protocols, such as SSL/TLS, for encrypting and authenticating data. However, like any software, OpenSSL needs to be updated regularly to fix bugs, improve performance, and address security vulnerabilities.
In this article, we will explain what OpenSSL is, why it is important, and how to download and install the latest version of OpenSSL 1.1.1, which is 1.1.1.q, on your Apache HTTPD server.
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What is OpenSSL and why is it important?
OpenSSL is a software library that provides cryptographic functions and protocols for secure communication over the internet
OpenSSL is an open source project that develops and maintains a software library that implements various cryptographic functions and protocols, such as SSL/TLS, RSA, AES, SHA, and many more. These functions and protocols are essential for enabling secure communication over the internet, as they allow web servers and clients to encrypt and authenticate data exchanged between them.
OpenSSL is used by many web servers, including Apache HTTPD, to enable HTTPS and other security features
One of the most common uses of OpenSSL is to enable HTTPS, which is the secure version of HTTP, the protocol used by web browsers and servers to communicate. HTTPS ensures that the data transmitted between a web browser and a web server is encrypted and authenticated, preventing eavesdropping, tampering, or impersonation by malicious parties.
Many web servers, including Apache HTTPD, use OpenSSL to enable HTTPS and other security features, such as client certificates, mutual authentication, or OCSP stapling. By using OpenSSL, web servers can support various versions and ciphers of SSL/TLS, as well as other protocols such as SSH or SFTP.
OpenSSL releases regular updates to fix bugs, improve performance, and address security vulnerabilities
As with any software, OpenSSL is not perfect and may contain bugs or vulnerabilities that could compromise its functionality or security. Therefore, the OpenSSL project team releases regular updates to fix these issues and improve the performance and compatibility of the library.
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Some of these updates are minor and only address minor bugs or enhancements, while others are major and address critical vulnerabilities that could expose users to attacks or data breaches. For example, in 2014, a severe vulnerability known as Heartbleed was discovered in OpenSSL, which allowed attackers to steal sensitive information from web servers and clients using a specially crafted request. This vulnerability affected millions of websites and users and required urgent patching by the OpenSSL team and the web server administrators.
Therefore, it is important to keep OpenSSL updated to the latest version available, as it ensures that your web server and clients are protected from known threats and benefit from the latest improvements and features of the library.
What is 1.1.1.q and what are its benefits?
1.1.1.q is the latest version of OpenSSL 1.1.1, which is a long-term support (LTS) branch that will receive updates until 2025
OpenSSL has two main branches of development: 1.0.2 and 1.1.1. The 1.0.2 branch is the older one and will reach its end of life (EOL) in December 2023, meaning that it will no longer receive updates or support from the OpenSSL team. The 1.1.1 branch is the newer one and will be supported until September 2025, meaning that it will continue to receive updates and fixes for bugs and vulnerabilities.
Within each branch, there are different versions that are released periodically, with a letter suffix indicating the order of release. For example, 1.0.2a was the first version of the 1.0.2 branch, followed by 1.0.2b, 1.0.2c, and so on. Similarly, 1.1.1a was the first version of the 1.1.1 branch, followed by 1.1.1b, 1.1.1c, and so on.
The latest version of the 1.0.2 branch is 1.0.2y, which was released in February 2023. The latest version of the 1.1.1 branch is 1.1.1.q, which was released in November 2022. Since the 1.0.2 branch will soon reach its EOL, it is recommended to upgrade to the 1.1.1 branch, which offers more features and security than the older one.
1.1.1.q fixes a bug that caused AES OCB encryption to fail on some 32-bit x86 platforms (CVE-2022-2097)
AES OCB is a mode of operation for AES encryption that provides both confidentiality and authenticity of data. It is faster and more efficient than other modes, such as CBC or GCM, but it requires a patent license for commercial use. OpenSSL supports AES OCB since version 1.0, but it was found that there was a bug in the implementation that caused AES OCB encryption to fail on some 32-bit x86 platforms. This bug could result in corrupted data or a denial of service attack if exploited by an attacker.
The bug was reported in October 2022 and assigned the identifier CVE-2022-2097. It was fixed in version 1.0.y and version 3.x, but not in version 3.x. Therefore, users who are using OpenSSL on a 32-bit x86 platform with AES OCB encryption should upgrade to version 3.x or version 3.x as soon as possible to avoid this bug.
1.1.1.q also adds a missing header for memcmp that caused compilation failure on some platforms
memcmp is a function that compares two blocks of memory and returns the difference between them. It is used by OpenSSL to perform various operations, such as comparing keys, hashes, or certificates. However, it was found that some platforms, such as Solaris, did not include the header file that defines memcmp, which caused compilation failure when building OpenSSL from source.
This issue was reported in November 2022 and fixed in version 1.1.1.q by adding the missing header for memcmp. Therefore, users who are compiling OpenSSL from source on platforms that do not include the header for memcmp should upgrade to version 1.1.1.q to avoid this issue.
How to download and install 1.1.1.q on Apache HTTPD?
Download the binary distribution of 1.1.1.q for Windows from [9](
If you are running Apache HTTPD on Windows, you can download the binary distribution of 1.1.1.q from [9]( which is a trusted source that provides pre-compiled versions of OpenSSL for Windows. The binary distribution contains the OpenSSL executable, libraries, and configuration files that you need to run OpenSSL on your web server.
To download the binary distribution of 1.1.1.q for Windows, follow these steps:
Go to [9]( and scroll down to the section "OpenSSL 3.x and 1.1.x Binary Distributions for Microsoft Windows"
Click on the link "openssl-3.x.x-win64.zip" or "openssl-3.x.x-win32.zip" depending on your system architecture (64-bit or 32-bit)
Save the zip file to your preferred location on your computer
Extract the zip file using a tool such as WinZip or WinRAR
Replace your existing bin directory with the one from the downloaded archive
Once you have extracted the zip file, you will see a folder named "bin" that contains the OpenSSL files. You need to replace your existing bin directory with this one, as it contains the updated version of OpenSSL.
To replace your existing bin directory with the one from the downloaded archive, follow these steps:
Locate your Apache HTTPD installation directory, which is usually C:\Apache24 or C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.4
Rename your existing bin directory to something else, such as bin.old or bin.backup
Copy the bin folder from the extracted zip file and past